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A phrase is a group of words that functions as a unit but does not contain both a subject and a verb, meaning it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
A phrase that consists of a noun and its modifiers.
Example: The big, brown dog.
Functions as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
A phrase that consists of a verb and its auxiliaries (helping verbs, like “is,” “has,” or “can”).
Example: She is running quickly.
Functions as the predicate or part of the predicate.
A phrase that modifies a noun, often including an adjective and additional words (like adverbs or prepositional phrases).
Example: Extremely happy with her results.
Functions to describe a noun or pronoun.
A phrase that functions as an adverb to modify a verb, adjective, or other adverbs.
Example: With great care, very quietly.
Adds information about how, when, where, or to what degree something happened
A phrase beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun (called the object of the preposition).
Example: On the table, in the morning.
Functions as an adjective or adverb to provide more details.
A phrase that begins with an infinitive verb (to + base form of a verb).
Example: To finish the assignment on time.
Can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
A phrase that begins with a gerund (a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun).
Example: Swimming in the ocean is fun.
Always acts as a noun.
A phrase that begins with a present or past participle (a verb form used as an adjective).
Example: Burning with rage, he stormed out.
Functions as an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun.
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb. Clauses can function as sentences on their own or as part of a larger sentence.
A clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Contains a subject, verb, and expresses a complete thought.
Example: She enjoys reading.
A clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought.
Depends on an independent clause to provide full meaning.
Example: Because she enjoys reading (needs more information to be complete).
A dependent clause that functions as a noun in the sentence.
Example: What she said surprised everyone (acts as the subject).
A dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. Usually begins with relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, that.
Example: The book that she gave me was fascinating (modifies “book”).
A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. Begins with subordinating conjunctions like because, although, since, if, when.
Example: I will go if it stops raining (modifies “will go”).